Waterproof building material



Patented June 6, 1933 UNITED STATES Examiner PATENT OFFICE FRANZ DREXLEB, OF LUDWIGSHAIEN-ON-THE-BHINE, AND EMMERICH v. PONGRATZ,

OF OPPAU', GERMANY, ASSIGNORS TO SCHAFT, OF FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN,

I. G. FARIBENINDUSTRIE AKTIENGESELL- GERMANY WATERPROOF BUILDING MATERIAL No Drawing. Application filed. August 21, 1931, Serial No. 558,638, and in Germany September 19, 1930.

The present invention relates to the production of waterproof building materials.

A great variety of additional materials, as for example soaps, oils, fats, waxes, parafiin a waxes or yeast decomposed by means of alkalies, has already been proposed for the preparation of building materials which will repel water or which are impermeable to water, such as mortar concrete or structures 10 from V sum or Sorel cement. Tar or bitumen as a so been ac e o hese building materials, if desired in conjunction with crude or neutralized acid sludge from re- 1 fining mineral oils. There are many objections to these agents, however. In part they injuriously affect the setting process of cement, and in part they effect a reduction of the compressive strength of the building ma 9 terials. In the case of many of the additional materials it is moreover necessary to add such large amounts of water-repelling agents to the concrete and the like that the cost of the building is considerably increased. or lVe have now found that valuable building materials which are repellant and impermeable to water are obtained by adding to the mixture of binder, filler and water necessary for the production of the building ma- 6 terials during their preparation the waterinsoluble or anic residues of acid slud es 1. e. of acid sludge or of acid Er obtained in the refining of mineral and tar oils by means of concentrated sulipiiuric acid. Te sen .uidw reetains. remegingt e uFz i ri aci ple ely r...lili b, t-cem.;, cte and may be employed as "such 1n the wet 'sfate or in the form of the product obtained by the addition of alkalies or alkaline earths, such as caustic potash or soda, sodium carbonate, calcium oxide, hydroxide or carbonate.

The amount of the said water-insoluble organic residues necessary for rendering mortar, concrete and the like waterproof is generally only from about 0.1 to about 1.5 per cent of the weight of the binder such as lime or hydraulic cement, from 0.2 to 0.8 or 1 per cent being sufficient in most cases, and this is far less than that of the waterproofing agents hitherto used. Furthermore,

cost of the said materials is only a fraction of the cost of the waterproofing agents hitherto generally employed in practice because it is a waste product from the refining of crude mineral and tar oils. Besides this. bet results are obtained with the said water-insoluble substances tha with the water-soluble and usually strongly acid u e acl slu ges hitherto employed.

The water-insoluble or anic residues are added, preferably suspended or emulsified in water or dissolved in aqueous alli ahng soIutions 1f the neutralization premenst- Ta'iifid y treatment with alkalies or alkaline earths are to be employed, before or during the preparation of the mortar or concrete, preferably together with the water necessary for the preparation of the mortar or concrete. In many cases it is preferable to employ the said products together with other substances suitable for Waterproofing building materials, such as salts, as for example aluminum sulphzgg, or parafiin waxes and the llke and/or with OQIII'UCICIQS such as water-soluble salts of H drofluorlc or fluors1T1c1c aclds as for example alkali metal sa s W 1c prevent the growth of fungi in the residues on storage. These salts are generally employed in quantities from about 0.2 to 5 per cent, usually from 0.2 to 1 per cent, by weight of the wet residues or the neutralized wet residues.

In some cases, especially with the acid tars from refining mineral oils, it is advantageous first to remove from the crude acid tar a part of the organic substances by dilution with water, leading in steam, concentrating, and then removing by filtration or centrifuging the separated coked organic substances; the concentrated solution, usually called restored acid, which still contains a substantial quantity of organic compounds is then separated by dilution with water and subsequent filtration or centrifuging, whereby the solid organic substances are recovered. These organic substances, freed from the main portion of sulphuric acid, are then suitable for the purposes of the present invention as such or after neutralization as a the waterproofing agent. The aforesaid cook- 20 A mixture of 100 parts of a Portland oven benzol with the aid of sulphuric acid, whereby the greater part of the organic substances is precipitated. This is added as such or after mixing with basic substances such as lime (in order to deacidify the substance and to remove the smell of sulphur dioxide) in an amount of 0.8 part to the water necessary (80 parts) for a mixture of 100 parts of cement and 300 parts of sand and gravel. After working up into concrete in the usual manner and setting a particularly waterproof product is obtained. If desired, the acid tar may be incorporated with 0.5 per cent of its weight of sodium fluoride, which addition proves valuable if the acid tar be stored for some time in the wet state.

ing operation may be carried out simultaneously with the concentration for example in towers provided with heatand acid-resisting fillers, preferably of ceramic material,

5 whereby a simultaneous filtration may be performed.

Particularly valuable agents are the waterinsoluble organic residues from refining coal distillates with sulphuric acid, as for example the acid sludges obtained in refining crude benzol or solvent naphtha or similar liquid distillates from the carbonization of bituminous coal.

The following examples will further illustrate the nature of this invention, but

the invention is not restricted to these examples. The parts are by weight.

Ewampze 1 E wample 5 An acid tar obtained in refining crude cement, 500 parts of sand and rave ant 11 nZ l Yvllll the End of sulphuric acld is dipar S f water t md d 0,6 luted w1th 1.3 times its volume of water and part of mater-insoluble organic ms the 'g matter l P Obtained from a enzme am 5 u g6 y (1 covered and freed from sulphuric acld by tion with water yields, after the usual workfilter p gy y i g Wlth Water ingup into concrete and hardening a m niainders of sulphuric acid are removed, the uct the absorbent power of which for Water l t traces thereo 106mg neutmhzed Wlth amounts to only a fraction of that of a concaustlc 111119. FY0111 to 05 P Cent y crete prepared without the addition of the Weight of the resulting P f are added id id to water necessary for making concrete from 100 parts of cement and 500 parts of ravel. A mixture of 100 parts of blast furnace The concrefe omamed is waterproo am cement 300 Darts of sand and rave am 1 possesses a compresslve Strength whlch ls l I ll m Water to wmdded 1 after 1 days about 10 per cent higher than that of a concrete prepared without the part of a product obtained by neutrahzm n with lime the or anic substan .es separated 531d. g l of acldktall Product, the from so-calle res ore -a c1 s by dilution Settmg i 16 d n many Cases and centrifuging yields after the usual quantitles o from 0.1 to 0. 3 per cent of the working up and Subsequent Setting) a acid tar product are sufiicient for the pro- 40 crete which remains waterproof even un r 235 2 3 f i iggfl fii zg fg watelproof b high pressures of water. b p e hat we claim is Ewwmp'l 3 1. As a new article of manufacture, a

100 parts of Portland cement are mixed P P building material Comprising a ith 4 0 parts 0 Sam am ravep The hydraulic cement and from 0.3 to l per cent water necessary therefor Z96 partsl 1s stirred of Welght: of a water'msoluble Orgamc T r1,1 part f a Sludgy organic substance residue of benzol acid sludge free from separated as the heavier component from Water-Soluble American benzine acid tar by dilution with A5 a w @Ttlcle fl fi l' a a water, leading in steam, separating coked P 9 bulldmg mammal compnsmg a natter, concentrating, and centrifuging hydlilllllc cell lerlt and fI'0111 O.3 t0 1 1381'. Cent, after repeated dilution with water. The of lts 1 a neuFl'ahzed Wafer-111301- mixture is worked up in the usual manner uble Organlc resldue benzol field sludge and after setting yields a product which is free from Water-Somme matterwaterproof even under high-pressure of AS a W artlcle a t waterproof building material comprlsmg a Instead of the said sludgy substance it is hydrauhcfiement and m to 1 P advantageous by reason of the lower cost, of Welght, I a wateljmsoluble ,Orgamc to employ the water-insoluble fraction of d of (101d sludge m rehmng Coal the waste product obtained by the acid dlstlnateEi Wlth sulphllllc fieldpurification of crude benzol from coke oven In testlmony whereof We have hereunto processes by means of sulphuric acid. set 0111 bands- EWWZ, 4 FRANZ DREXLER.

EMMERICI-I v. PONGRATZ. Water is added in the ratio of 1:1.6 to an acid tar obtained by the refining of coke Ewample 2 

